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backing 
Process for creating joints, the parallel projections running the length of the book that act as hinges between the spine and the boards.
backing hammer
Tool used to flatten the back of signatures to give the spine a fan shape.
face
Slightly rounded surface used to strike the back of the signature and push it against the backing boards.
handle
claw
The tapered end of the hammer, used to flatten the backs of signatures.
backing press
Press used to flatten a book so that the joints can be made.
backing board
Metal edge of the press; the back of the signature is placed along this edge and hammered to create joints.
spine of the book
Part that makes up the back of a book’s signatures.
